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Phimosis

Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis (glans).

Phimosis is normal in babies and toddlers, but in older children it may be the result of a skin condition that has caused scarring. It isn't usually a problem unless it causes symptoms.

Immediate treatment is needed in cases where phimosis causes problems such as difficulty urinating.

Normal Development

Most uncircumcised baby boys have a foreskin that won't pull back (retract) because it's still attached to the glans.

This is perfectly normal for about the first two to six years. By around the age of two, the foreskin should start to separate naturally from the glans.

The foreskin of some boys can take longer to separate, but this doesn't mean there's a problem – it will just detach at a later stage.

Never try to force your child's foreskin back before it's ready, because it may be painful and damage the foreskin.

When Phimosis is a problem

Phimosis isn't usually a problem unless it's associated with symptoms such as redness, soreness or swelling.

If your child's glans is sore and inflamed they may have balanitis. There may also be a thick discharge underneath the foreskin. If both the glans and foreskin are inflamed it's known as balanoposthitis.

Take your child to see your GP if they have these type of symptoms. They will be able to recommend appropriate treatment.

Most cases of balanitis can be easily managed using a combination of good hygiene, creams or ointments, and avoiding substances that irritate the penis.

Balanoposthitis can also sometimes be treated by following simple hygiene measures, such as keeping the penis clean by regularly washing it with water and a mild soap or moisturiser. If it's caused by a fungal or bacterial infection, an anti-fungal cream or a course of antibiotics may be needed.

Adults

In adults, phimosis can occasionally be associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It can also be caused by a number of different skin conditions including:

  • Eczema.
  • Psoriasis – a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales.
  • Lichen planus – a non-infectious itchy rash that can affect many areas of the body.
  • Lichen sclerosus – a scarring condition of the foreskin (and sometimes glans) that's probably caused by urinary irritation in susceptible men and boys.

Treatment Options